![]() ![]() It is also the medium for exchanging gases for the tissues present in the joints. The synovial fluid knee and in other joints also provide a complete connection between the connective tissues providing nutrition. The movement stress is removed, the viscosity returns to normal and the lubricating function is resumed. Its rheopectic nature makes it a dilatant fluid between bones resulting in a more viscous fluid to protect the joints from injuries. The prime function of the synovial fluid is to provide lubrication to the articulating joints to avoid friction and wearing of cartilages and subsequently the heads of the bones. The prime synovial fluid function of lubricating the joints is performed by hyaluronan or hyaluronic acid. It also aids in increasing the elasticity of the connected articular cartilages. ![]() This polymer can achieve a size ranging from 5000 to 20,000,000 Dalton.Īs mentioned earlier, it is synthesized by the synovial membrane and then passed to the joint cavity in order to increase the thickness or viscosity of the fluid. Its chemical structure reveals that it is made of hyaluronic acid, it is a disaccharide polymer and is composed of beta-1,3 and beta-1, 4 glycosidic bonds with D-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetylglucosamine. This is one reason behind how the synovial fluid function of reducing friction can be explained. It is a brilliant example of rheopexy characteristic where continuous stress leads to the escalation of fluid thickness and viscosity. It means that the viscosity of the fluid is not constant and it changes without showing any linearity when force or trauma is applied. The synovial fluid analysis also suggests that it is non-Newtonian in nature. Type B is the one that produces hyaluronic acid, lubricin, collagenases, and other proteolytic enzymes. The prime function of these cells is to remove the debris generated in the fluid due to the movement of the joints. These connective tissue cells do not have basement membranes and are derived from the blood monocytes. When the joints move, the synovial fluid is squeezed outside the cartilages due to mechanical pressure in order to maintain the layer inside the cartilage surface.Īs per the synovial fluid analysis, its chemical composition is made of two types of cells, Type A and B. Its prime function is to fill the air cavities and irregularities of the articular cartilage surface. It acts as the fluid reserve for the synovial fluid present inside the joint. This interstitial fluid accumulates to form a layer around the cartilage inside the joint of size 50 μm. It is produced by the interstitial fluid availed by filtering the blood plasma and the surface of the chondrocytes in the articular cartilage. The prime lubricant present in this membrane is proteoglycan 4. These cells are present in the morphology of the synovial membrane. It contains hyaluronan secreted by cells that look like fibroblasts. This fluid also acts as an ultra-filtration medium for the plasma of blood and contains the protein derivatives manufactured by the cells present in the joint tissues. ![]() It makes an occupied space between the bones and does not let the cartilages touch to avoid friction. Another function of this fluid is to protect the bone heads and cartilages from wearing out and to repair them in time.Īs mentioned earlier, the synovial fluid is found in the joints trapped by the synovium. The thickness of this fluid enables the joints to avoid friction and to provide smooth functioning of the associated bones. This liquid is viscous and non-Newtonian in nature. This membrane is the soft tissue lining present inside covering the internal spaces, bursae, and tendon sheaths. It is also called a synovia and is produced by the synovial membrane or synovium. The fluid present inside the joints of two or more bones protecting the connecting surfaces of the bones is called synovial fluid. In this article, we will analyze this fluid and find out its different functions. It is the secretion of the membrane present inside the joints. This is why the synovial joints are filled with synovial fluid. During this movement, every joint created by two or more bones will get eroded causing immense pain. The bones in the skull do not move but the rest make a coordinated movement using the muscles. ![]()
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